References | Hu et al., 2012 [20] | Zhang et al., 2020 [59] | Present review | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Droplet generation | Na-alginate | 1.5 wt% | 0.006–1 wt% | 0.006–1 wt% | ||
Continuous fluid | N-decanol | DMCa | DMCa | |||
Use of surfactant | Span 80 | NO | NO | |||
Geometry | Flow-focusing | Cross-flowing | Cross-flowing | |||
Microfluidic material | Glass chip | Fluoropolymer tubing and junctions | Fluoropolymer tubing and junctions | |||
External gelation by introducing Na-alginate and cross-linkers off-chip during collection | Number of phases or steps | 2 phases - 1 collection bath | 1 phase - 1 collection bath | 2 phases - 2 successive collection baths | ||
Description of phases or steps | Phase 1 | CaCl2 (15 wt%) in n-decanol | CaCl2 (0.1–1 wt%) | Step 1 | DMC and evaporation of DMC | |
Phase 2 | Ba (CH3COO)2 (15 wt%) in water and glycerol | Step 2 | CaCl2 (0.5–10 wt%) in water | |||
Surfactant | Span 80 | NO | NO |