Table 2 Polymer based materials and their derivatives

Hyaluronic acid

Good biocompatibility, fluidity and adhesion

High liquidity, fast absorption rate, short retention time

[64,65,66,67]

Chitosan

Good biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-antigenicity, non-toxicity, antibacterial, hemostatic activity

Weak mechanical strength, hard and brittle

[68, 69]

Cellulose (Interceed)

good biological description, easy to be absorbed by the body, and has no obvious toxic effect.

Inconvenient placement

[70,71,72,73]

Collagen / gelatin

Good biocompatibility and low antigenicity

Biocompatible

Biodegradable

Cell adhesion

Integration with new tissue matrix

High degradation rate, poor mechanical properties No inherent rigidity

Potential for antigenicity

[74,75,76,77,78]

Alginate

Biocompatible

Biodegradable

Stable in the form of hydrogel

Difficulty of purification

Potential of cytotoxicity

[69]

Silk fibroin

Easy to get, cheap, Good biocompatibility, slow Biodegradation rate and low Inflammatory response

Biocompatible

Biodegradable

Poor mechanical properties and toughness

Restricted length

Fast degradation

[79]

Poly ε-Caprolactone (PCL)

Good cytocompatibility

Histocompatibility, Biodegradability and elasticity

Excessive flexibility and elasticity

[80]

Polylactide (PLA)

Biodegradable

Excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability

Rapid degradation rate

Aseptic inflammation caused by the acidic degradation products;

[81]

Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)

Good biocompatibility, degradation, processing, and plasticity

Biodegradable and biocompatible

generally low toxicity, possessing high capacity for drug loading, and having potential for a range of rates of degradation and drug release

Aseptic inflammation caused by the acidic degradation products;

Poor cell adhesion

[82, 83]

Heparin-Proloxamer

Low toxicity, high affinity, slow release, fixed point release

anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties

temperature-sensitive

[84,85,86,87,88,89]

Poly (glycerol sebacate), PGS

Favors the attachment and growth of rat BMSCs

Prolongs the retention time of BMSCs

Directly differentiate into endometrial stromal cells after transplantation of PGS/BMSCs constructs

[90]