From: Recent trends in therapeutic strategies for repairing endometrial tissue in intrauterine adhesion
Medicine | Therapeutic effects | Side effects | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hormone | Estrogen | Improves endometrium repair (first-line) | Thrombosis; nausea | |
Progesterone | Sequential use with estrogen; induces endometrial stromal cell proliferation and differentiation, and promotes endometrial decidualization | Chest pain, fever, dizziness, nausea | [12] | |
Growth hormone | Plays a synergistic role with estrogen; improves the sensitivity of receptors on the endometrium to estrogen | Increased insulin resistance, edema, joint and muscle pain | [13] | |
Vasoactive agents | Aspirin | Inhibits endometrial fibrosis by suppressing the TGF-β1-Smad2/Smad3 pathway; promotes angiogenesis and enhances endometrial receptivity inhibits platelet aggregation, preventing microthrombus | Irritation of the stomach or gut, nausea, indigestion | |
Nitroglycerine | Increases subendometrial blood flow velocity | Headache, dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea, and flushing | [19] | |
Sildenafil | Enhances the uterine blood flow, improves ovulation success rate | Headaches, flushing and hypotension | ||
Traditional Chinese medicine | Herbs | Promotes blood circulation, removes blood-stasis | Unknow | [22] |
Acupuncture | Promotes blood circulation | Unknow | [23] | |
Antibiotics | Individualized | Active or prophylactic treatment of reproductive system infection | Antibiotic resistance, |