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Fig. 5 | Biomaterials Research

Fig. 5

From: Three-dimensional printed polylactic acid scaffold integrated with BMP-2 laden hydrogel for precise bone regeneration

Fig. 5

In vivo result of ectopic ossification. a The groups without BMP-2 showed no bone formation in the muscle tissue (Group 1 & 2). The PLA cage/BMP-2 and PLA cage/Biogel/BMP-2 groups showed ectopic ossification. The PLA cage/Biogel/BMP-2 group had regular scaffold shaped bone at the implanted sites inside the muscle while the ectopic ossification of PLA cage/BMP-2 group showed irregular shape. Scale bar = 3 mm. b Reconstructed 3D images of PLA cage/BMP-2 and PLA cage/Biogel/BMP-2. The PLA cage/Biogel/BMP-2 showed obviously more regular shape bone formation. Scale bar = 2 mm. c, Histology sections of samples. Barely any bone showed in PLA cage group, PLA cage/Biogel group or PLA cage/BMP-2 group. The PLA cage/Biogel/BMP-2 group showed evident bone regeneration inside the scaffold. (Groups: 1, PLA cage group, N = 12, PLA cage/Biogel group, N = 12; 3, PLA cage/BMP-2 group, N = 12; 4, PLA cage/Biogel/BMP-2 group, N = 12)

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Biomaterials Research

ISSN: 2055-7124

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