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Fig. 2 | Biomaterials Research

Fig. 2

From: Recent advances in transdermal drug delivery systems: a review

Fig. 2

A Experimental set up for skin permeation test using iontophoresis. B In vitro drug release profiles of drug-loaded AuNP oleogels (d-AuNP) on skin. C Fluorescence spectroscopy images obtained from skin permeation experiment after 1 h of application. Arrows mark the top surface of the skin segment treated with d-AuNP. D A schematic illustration of sonophoresis-assisted transdermal drug delivery. E Penetration pathways of LaNO3 after treatment with low frequency sonophoresis, and TEM images of SC after treatment with low frequency sonophoresis using RuO4 fixation in the absence of low frequency sonophoresis (left) and after 5 min (middle) and 10 min (right) of treatment with low frequency sonophoresis. F Schematic Illustration Showing the Fabrication Process of the MTX-Loaded HA-Based Dissolving MN Patch. G Quantitative analysis of epidermal thickness. H Therapeutic effects of MTX-loaded MNs and oral administration of the same dose and a double dose of MTX on IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Representative photographs of left ear lesions and skin sections stained with H&E and Ki67 on day 7. A, B, C Reproduced from [29], copyright permission by American Chemical Society 2020. D Reproduced from [74], copyright permission by Springer Nature 2021. E Reproduced from [40], copyright permission by Elsevier 2010. F, G, H Reproduced from [54], copyright permission by American Chemical Society 2019

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