Table 3 Characteristics of studies in MA2
Author Publication year | Animal | Implantation site (type of bone) | Implant shape and dimensions (diameter and height) | Controle group (Co) = 3DPPT | Experimental group (Exp) = 3DPPT + post-printing treatment | Type of post-printing treatment | Reported outcome of mechnical testing | follow-up (weeks) | Reference Name in MA 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amin Yavari et al. 2014 [15] | rat | femur diafyse (= trabecular) | cross-cut femur defect d outer = 5 mm, d inner = 1,3 mm, h = 6 mm | “AlAcH” (= por Ti (alkali-acid-heat treated)) | “AnH” (= por Ti; anodized (also acid- and heat-treated)) | oxidation (electro-chemical treatment) | “Maximum torque (N.mm)” mean + SD measured ( [15]; Fig. 8c) | 12 | Amin Yavari (at 12 weeks) |
Garcia-Gareta et al. 2014 [16] | sheep | femur condyle (= trabecular) | cylinder d = 9 mm, h = 11 mm | “No Cells” (= por Ti + CaP coating (3-15 μm)) | “With Cells” (= por Ti + CaP coating (3-15 μm) + MSC (Mesenchymal Stem Cells)) | adding stem cells | “Maximum Force (N)” from push-out testsing mean + SD kindly provided by autor | 6 | Garcia-Gareta (at 6 weeks) |
Stübinger et al. 2014 [17] | sheep | pelvis (= trabecular) | screw d = 4,1 mm, h = 9 mm | “AM” (= “Additive Manufactured”) (=por Ti (CaF grit blasted + acid washed + US cleaned + dryed)) | “AM-PSD” (= AM + dendron functionalisation”) (= por Ti (CaF grit blasted + acid washed + US cleaned + dryed + psd (Phosphoserine modified dendron coating) | adding growth- factors/ drugs/ others | “Removal torque values in Nmm” mean + SD reported ( [17], Table 3) | 2 | Stübinger (at 2 weeks) |
8 | Stübinger (at 8 weeks) | ||||||||
Cohen et al. 2016 [18] | rat | calvaria onlay (= cortical) | cylinder d = 5 mm, h =? | “Rough” (=por Ti (CaF grit blasted + acid etched)) | “DBX” (=por Ti (CaF grit blasted + acid etched) + (Demineralized Bone Matrix) puty) | adding bone-matrix | “Force at Failure (N)” from pull-out testing mean + SD measured ( [18], Fig. 3h) | 10 | Cohen (at 10 weeks) |
Liu et al. 2016 [19] | rabbit | tibia (= trabecular) | cylinder d = 5 mm, h = 6 mm | “Simvastatin 0 mg” (=por Ti (US cleaned)) | “Simvastatin 0,1 mg” (= por Ti (US cleaned) + 0,1 mg/ml simvastatine/poloxamer 407 hydrogel) | adding growth- factors/ drugs/ others | “Maximum push-in force (N)” mean + SD reported ( [19], Table 4) | 4 | Liu 1 (at 4 weeks) |
8 | Liu 1 (at 8 weeks) | ||||||||
“Simvastatin 5 mg” (= por Ti (US cleaned) + 0,5 mg/ml simvastatine/poloxamer 407 hydrogel) | 4 | Liu 2 (at 4 weeks) | |||||||
8 | Liu 2 (at 8 weeks) | ||||||||
Xiu et al. 2016 [20] | rabbit | femur condyl (= trabecular) | cylinder d = 5 mm, h = 6 mm | “Control” (= por Ti (US cleaned + dried)) | “MAO” (= por Ti (US cleaned + dryed) + MicroArc Oxidation) | oxidation (electro-chemical treatment) | “Push out force (N)” mean + SD reported ( [20] section 4 page 10) | 8 | Xiu (at 8 weeks) |
Xu et al. 2016 [21] | rabbit | calvaria (= cortical) | cup with porous scaffold on inside d = 5 mm, h = 5 mm | “native SLM” (= por Ti; US cleaned) | “SLA” (=por Ti; US cleaned + ZrO2 sandblasted + acid etched) | mechano-chemical treatment | “Maximum force (N) to failure of pull-out test” mean + SD measured ( [21], Fig. 9c) | 4 | Xu 1 (at 4 weeks) |
8 | Xu 1 (at 8 weeks) | ||||||||
“SAN” (= por Ti; US cleaned + ZrO2 sandblasted + anodized) | mechano-chemical treatment | 4 | Xu 2 (at 4 weeks) | ||||||
8 | Xu 2 (at 8 weeks) | ||||||||
“SAH” (=por Ti; US cleaned + ZrO2 sandblasted + alkali heat treated) | oxidation (electro-chemical treatment) | 4 | Xu 3 (at 4 weeks) | ||||||
8 | Xu 3 (at 8 weeks) | ||||||||
Bandyopadhyay et al., 2017 [7] | rat | distal femur (= trabecular) | cylinder d = 3 mm, h = 5 mm | “LENS™ Porous Ti” (= “Laser Engineered Net Shaping”) | “LENS™ Porous Ti-NT” (= por Ti, anodised, forming nanotubes (d = 105 nm, l = 375 nm)) | oxidation (electro-chemical treatment) | “Shear modulus (MPa)” from push-out testing mean + SD reported ( [7]; Table 3) | 4 | Bandyopadhyay (at 4 weeks) |
10 | Bandyopadhyay (at 10 weeks) | ||||||||
Cheng et al. 2017 [8] | rat | calvaria onlay (= cortical) | block l = 3,5 mm, w = 5 mm h = 2 mm | “Porous” (= por Ti (CaF grit blasted+ acid etched)) | “Porous + DBX” (= por Ti (CaF grit blasted+ acid etched) + Decalcified Bone Matrix)) | adding bone-matrix | “Pull-out force (N)” mean + SD measured ( [8]; Fig. 4) | 10 | Cheng (at 10 weeks) |
MacBarb et al. 2017 [9] | sheep | distal femur (= trabecular) | triangular prism d = 7 mm (inscribed core circle) h = 45 mm | “AM” (= “Additive Manufactured” por Ti) | “AM + HA” (= por Ti + nanocrystalline HA) 20 nm layer) | adding Ca-containing layer | “Ultimate Shear Strength (MPa)” mean + SD measured ( [9]; Fig. 4a) | 6 | MacBarb 1 (at 6 weeks) |
12 | MacBarb 1 (at 12 weeks) | ||||||||
“AM + Auto” (= por Ti + autograft) | adding bone-matrix | 6 | MacBarb 2 (at 6 weeks) | ||||||
12 | MacBarb 2 (at 12 weeks) | ||||||||
Tanzer et al. 2019 [22] | dog | femur diafyse (= cortical) | cylinder d = 5,2 mm, h = 10 mm | “LRM” (= “Laser Rapid Manufacturing” por Ti) | “LRM-PA” (= por Ti + precipitated HA (20-70 μm layer)) | adding Ca-containing layer | “Mean shear strength (Mpa) from push-out testingmean + 95% CI reported ( [22]; results- section, page 3) | 4 | Tanzer 1 (at 4 weeks) |
12 | Tanzer 1 (at 12 weeks) | ||||||||
“LRM-PSHA” (= por Ti + plasma sprayed HA (20 μm layer)) | 4 | Tanzer 2 (at 4 weeks) | |||||||
12 | Tanzer 2 (at 12 weeks) | ||||||||
Teng et al. 2019 [23] | rabbit | calvaria (= cortical) | cylinder d = 20 mm, h = 2 mm | “MAO” (= por Ti (sandblasted, acid etched, cleaned, dried) + MicroArc Oxidation) | “MAO-CaP” (= por Ti (sandblasted, acid etched, cleaned, dried) + MAO + CaP | adding Ca-containing layer | “Torsion force (N/cm)” mean + SD reported ( [23], Fig. 6) | 6 | Teng 1 (at 6 weeks) |
12 | Teng 1 (at 12 weeks) | ||||||||
“MAO-BMP” (= por Ti (sandblasted, acid etched, cleaned, dried) + MAO + CaP + BMP2 | adding growth- factors/ drugs/ others | 6 | Teng 2 (at 6 weeks) | ||||||
12 | Teng 2 (at 12 weeks) | ||||||||
Bai et al. 2020 [24] | rabbit (OVX) | distal femur (= trabecular) | cylinder d = 6 mm, h = 10 mm | “S” (= “Scaffold” = por Ti (US cleaned)) | “SG” (= por ti (US cleaned) + hydrogel) | adding growth- factors/ drugs/ others | “Push-out force (N)” mean + SD measured ( [24] Fig. 6c) | 12 | Bai 1 (at 12 weeks) |
“SGC” (= por ti (US cleaned) + hydrogel + stem cells) | adding stem cells | 12 | Bai 2 (at 12 weeks) | ||||||
“SGB” (= por ti (US cleaned) + hydrogel + BMP2 | adding growth- factors/ drugs/ others | 12 | Bai 3 (at 12 weeks) | ||||||
“SGCB” (= por ti (US cleaned) + hydrogel + stem cells + BMP2) | adding stem cells | 12 | Bai 4 (at 12 weeks) | ||||||
Fan et al. 2020 [25] | rabbit | radius (= trabecular) | cylinder d = 5 mm, h = 13 mm | “pTi” (= por Ti) | “BaTiO3/pTi (= porTi + BaTiO3 piezoelectric coating) | adding growth- factors/ drugs/ others | “Peak pull out load (N)” mean + SD measured ( [25] Fig. 11c) | 6 | Fan 1 (at 6 weeks) |
12 | Fan 1 (at 12 weeks) | ||||||||
“pTi + LIPUS” (= por Ti + Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound treatment) | 6 | Fan 2 (at 6 weeks) | |||||||
12 | Fan 2 (at 12 weeks) | ||||||||
“BaTiO3/pTi” (= porTi + BaTiO3 coating + Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound treatment) | 6 | Fan 3 (at 6 weeks) | |||||||
12 | Fan 3 (at 12 weeks) |