Table 2 Characteristics of studies in MA1
Author Publication year | Animal | Implantation site (type of bone) | Implant shape and dimensions (diameter and height) | Controle group (Co) = dense titanium | Experimental group (Exp) = 3DPPT | Experimental group characteristics | Reported outcome of mechnical testing | follow-up (weeks) | Reference Name in MA 1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pore size (μm) | Porocity (%) | Struth size (μm) | Unit cell | |||||||||
Stübinger et al. 2013 [5] | sheep | pelvis (= trabecular) | screw d = 4,1 mm, h = 9 mm | “sandblasted and etched (SE)” | “Additive manufactured (AM)” (= por Ti, sandblasted) | 500 | 50 | gyroid; 3 armed with angles of 120° | “Removal torque out (Nmm)” mean + SD reported ( [5]; Table IV) | 2 | Stübinger (at 2 weeks) | |
8 | Stübinger (at 8 weeks) | |||||||||||
Hara et al. 2016 [6] | rabbit | femur condyle (= trabecular) | cylinder d = 5 mm, h = 12 mm | “Ti-spray” (= melted Ti sprayed onto solid Ti core) | “Porous Ti-alloy (640 μm)” | 656 (SD 29) | 70 (SD 0,7) | diamond | “Peak load of push-out testing” (N) mean + SD reported ( [6]; page 4, section 3) | 4 | Hara (at 4 weeks) | |
12 | Hara (at 12 weeks) | |||||||||||
Bandyopadhyay et al. 2017 [7] | rat | femur condyle (= trabecular) | cylinder d = 3 mm, h = 5 mm | “Dense Ti” | “LENS™ Porous Ti” (= “Laser Engineered Net Shaping”) | 200–300 | 25 | “Shear modulus (Mpa)”, calculated from push-out testing mean + SD reported ( [7]; Table 3) | 4 | Bandyopadhyay (at 4 weeks) | ||
10 | Bandyopadhyay (at 10 weeks) | |||||||||||
Cheng et al. 2017 [8] | rat | calvaria onlay (= cortical) | block l = 3,5 mm, w = 5 mm h = 2 mm | “Solid” (CaF grit blasted + acid etched) | “Porous” (= por Ti (CaF grit blasted+ acid etched)) | 563 (SD 2) | 67 (SD 3) | “Pull-out force (N) mean + SD measured ( [8]; Fig. 4) | 10 | Cheng (at 10 weeks) | ||
MacBarb et al. 2017 [9] | sheep | femur condyle (= trabecular) | triangular prism d = 7 mm (inscribed core circle), h = 45 mm | “TPS” (= CP Ti plasma-sprayed onto wrought Ti6AL4V core) | “AM” (= additive manufactured porous Ti) | 300 | 60 | “Ultimate Shear Strength (Mpa)” calculated from push-out testing mean + SD measured ( [9]; Fig. 4a) | 6 | MacBarb (at 6 weeks) | ||
12 | MacBarb (at 12 weeks) | |||||||||||
Ran et al. 2018 [10] | rabbit | femur condyl (= trabecular) | cylinder d = 4 mm, h = 13 mm | “dense” | “p500” | 401 (SD 26) | 300 | “Mean interfacial strength (Mpa)” calculated from push-out testing mean + SD measured ( [10]; Fig. 8e) | 4 | Ran 1 (at 4 weeks) | ||
12 | Ran 1 (at 12 weeks) | |||||||||||
“p700” | 607 (SD 24) | 4 | Ran 2 (at 4 weeks) | |||||||||
12 | Ran 2 (at 12 weeks) | |||||||||||
“p900” | 801 (SD 33) | 4 | Ran 3 (at 4 weeks) | |||||||||
12 | Ran 3 (at 12 weeks) | |||||||||||
Wang et al. 2018 [11] | rabbit | femur condyle (= trabecular) | cylinder d = 4,8 mm, h = 8 mm | “Ts” (= “Ti solid”) | “Ti-r” (= “Ti regular distribution”) | 457,5 (SD 31,1) | 62,5 (SD 2,1) | 424 (SD 25,6) | (diamond, regular distribution) | “Push out force (N)” mean + SD measured ( [11]; Fig. 7c) | 2 | Wang 1 (at 2 weeks) |
4 | Wang 1 (at 4 weeks) | |||||||||||
8 | Wang 1 (at 8 weeks) | |||||||||||
“Ti-ir” (= “Ti iregular distribution”) | 452,5 (SD 43,5) | 61,1 (SD 2,2) | 435 (SD 36,5) | (diamond, irregular distribution) | 2 | Wang 2 (at 2 weeks) | ||||||
4 | Wang 2 (at 4 weeks) | |||||||||||
8 | Wang 2 (at 8 weeks) | |||||||||||
“Ti-g” (= “Ti with gradiënt”) | 427,0 (SD 40,4) | 61,6 (SD 2,8) | 449 (SD 34,5) | (diamond, gradiënt distribution) | 2 | Wang 3 (at 2 weeks) | ||||||
4 | Wang 3 (at 4 weeks) | |||||||||||
8 | Wang 3 (at 8 weeks) | |||||||||||
“Ti-tr” (= “Ti tetrahedral”) | 458,5 (SD 29,6) | 66,2 (SD 2,0) | 410 (SD 23,2) | (tetrahedral) | 2 | Wang 4 (at 2 weeks) | ||||||
4 | Wang 4 (at 4 weeks) | |||||||||||
8 | Wang 4 (at 8 weeks) | |||||||||||
Chang et al. 2019 [12] | rabbit | femur condyle (= trabecular) | screw d = 4,3 mm, h = 10 mm | “DMLS type 4 non-porous” | “DMLS type 6 porous” | 300–500 | 55 | “Pull out Strength (N)” mean + SD reported ( [12]; page9, section 3.3) | 6 | Chang (at 6 weeks) | ||
12 | Chang (at 12 weeks) | |||||||||||
Huang et al. 2020 [13] | rabbit | tibia (= trabecular) | screw d = 2,1 mm, h = 9,7 mm | “Control screw” | “AMD interference screw” (= por Ti + 1 μm thick HA coating) | 200–400 | 15.4 | “Maximal failure load (N)” calculated from pull-out testing mean + SD measured ( [13]; Fig. 3) | 4 | Huang (at 4 weeks) | ||
12 | Huang (at 12 weeks) | |||||||||||
24 | Huang (at 24 weeks) | |||||||||||
Tikhilov et al. 2020 [14] | rabbit | tibia (= trabecular) | rectangular plate l = 10 mm, w = 5 mm, h = 2 mm | “control” | “experimental” | 100 | 450 | “Maximum load” (N) calculated from pull-out testing median + IQR reported ( [14]; page 4) | 13 | Tikhilov (at 13 weeks) | ||