Fig. 12
From: Therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles and routes of administration
Systemic delivery of nanoparticles by intravenous injection. Intravenous drug administration via blood stream is equally popular route of drug administration and offers the systemic action as well as complete bioavailability. The uncoated or raw nanoparticles have often suffers with the effect of opsonization or macrophage uptake, especially nanoparticles with <∼5 nm rapidly undergo renal clearance upon intravenous administration. Surface tailoring is the effective way of prevent clearance and improve the cellular uptake for maximum drug accumulation in tumor sites. Nanoemulsions and micellar nanocomplex are significantly used in recent times to enhance the anti-tumor effect of the drug with infinitesimal off-target toxicity