Table 1 Examples of mitochondria-targeting theranostic chemicals and chemical conjugates
Code Name | Mitochondria-targeting moieties (M) | Therapeutic agents (T) | Diagnostic/Imaging agents (D) | Therapeutic effects | Diagnostic/Imaging modes | Remarks | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F16 | F16 | F16 | F16 | Apoptosis/necrosis-mediated tumor cell killing | Fluorescence Imaging | M-T-D 3-in-1 typed chemicals | [16] |
F16 FF16 F16-TPP FF16-TPP | F16 FF16 F16, TPP FF16, TPP | F16 FF16 F16 FF16 | F16 FF16 F16 FF16 | Apoptosis/necrosis-mediated tumor cell killing | Fluorescence Imaging | M-T-D 3-in-1 typed chemicals or chemical conjugates Dual M type | [13] |
F16–FU F16–OOC–FU F16–NHOC–FU F16–SS–FU | F16 | F16, 5FU | F16 | Apoptosis/necrosis-mediated tumor cell killing | Fluorescence Imaging | M-T-D 3-in-1 typed chemicals Dual T type Linkage effect | [17] |
F16-BODIPY | F16 | F16 | F16, BODIPY | Apoptosis/necrosis-mediated tumor cell killing | Fluorescence Imaging | M-T-D 3-in-1 typed chemicals Dual D type | [18] |
IQs | IQs | IQs | IQs | PDT | Fluorescence imaging | M-T-D 3-in-1 typed chemicals | [28] |
IR-DBI | IR-DBI | IR-DBI | IR-DBI | PDT & PTT | NIR fluorescence imaging | M-T-D 3-in-1 typed chemicals | [29] |
IQ-TPA | IQ-TPA | IQ-TPA | IQ-TPA | PDT | Fluorescence imaging | M-T-D 3-in-1 typed chemicals | [30] |
Polyamine-Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) conjugates | Polyamine-PPIX conjugates | PPIX | PPIX | PDT | Fluorescence imaging | M-T-D 3-in-1 typed chemical conjugates | [31] |
Cationic porphyrin-triphenylamine (TP) hybrids | TP | porphyrin | porphyrin | PDT | Fluorescence imaging | T-D 2-in-1 typed chemical conjugates | [32] |
TPETH-Mito TPETH-Mito-1ART TPETH-Mito-2ART | Mito (quaternary ammonium salts) | Tetraphenylethenethiophene (TPETH), Artemisinin (ART) | TPETH | Apoptosis, PDT | Fluorescence imaging | T-D 2-in-1 typed chemical conjugates | [33] |
MitDt Compounds | TPP in MitDt | Indole group in MitDt | Indole group in MitDt | PDT | NIR fluorescence imaging | M-T-D 3-in-1 typed chemical conjugates | [34] |
Fluorescent oridonin probe 17d | N,N-dialkyl-7-aminocoumarin derivative | oridonin | N,N-dialkyl-7-aminocoumarin derivative | Cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy-mediated antitumor activity | Fluorescence imaging | M-D 2-in-1 typed chemical conjugates | [15] |
HMX-1 | Indole derivative in HMX-1 | Aniline nitrogen mustard released from HMX-1 | Fluorophore in HMX-1 | Nuclear DNA-alkylation-mediated cell death | Fluorescence imaging | M-T-D 3-in-1 typed Pro-Theranostics | [35] |