Fig. 5
From: Two-dimensional material-based bionano platforms to control mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
The effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). (a) Effects of AuNPs on the ALP activity of hMSCs. Results are mean ± SD of triplicate experiments: (*) p < 0.01. (b) Effects of AuNPs on the mineralized nodule formation of hMSCs. Mineralization quantitated by elution of Alizarin Red S from stained mineral deposits. Results are mean ± SD of triplicate experiments: (*) p < 0.05, (**) p < 0.01. NaF at 1 μM used as a positive control for both experimental data. Reprinted with permission from [29]. Copyright 2017 American Chemical Society