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Table 1 Commonly used natural tissues and biomaterial graft option types for periodontal hard tissue regenerative applications classified according to source

From: Natural graft tissues and synthetic biomaterials for periodontal and alveolar bone reconstructive applications: a review

Bone replacement graft materials

 

Human bone graft tissues

 

 (a) Autografts (cancellous and/ or cortical)

 

  -Extra-oral

 

  -Intra-oral

 

 (b) Allografts (cancellous and/ or cortical)

 

  -Fresh and/or frozen bone

 

  -Freeze dried bone allograft (FDBA)

 

  -Demineralized freeze dried bone allograft (DFDBA)

 

Non- human source materials

 

 (a) Xenografts

 

  -Bovine Hydroxyapatite

 

  -Porcine bone

 

  -Equine bone

 

  -Coralline calcium carbonate

 

Synthetic materials (Alloplasts)

 

 (a) Bioactive glasses

 

 (b) Calcium phosphates

 

  -Hydroxyapatite

 

  -Tricalcium phosphate

 

  -Other calcium phosphates (Brushite,

 

  monetite, calcium polyphosphates/CPP)

 

 (c) Calcium Sulphate

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