Direct reprogramming and biomaterials for controlling cell fate

Biomaterials Research

Table 1 Direct reprogramming into neural cells

Species	Starting cells		Target cells	Reprogramming factors	Gene delivery	Efficiency (%)	Reference
Mouse	Fibroblast	embryonic, adult (tail-tip)	iNPC	Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc	Lentivirus	0.7	[13]
Mouse	Fibroblast	embryonic	iDP	Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, SHH, FGF8	Lentivirus	26	[14]
Mouse	Fibroblast	embryonic	iOPC	Sox10, Olig2, Zfp536	Lentivirus	25	[15]
Human	Fibroblast	neonatal (skin), adult (dermal)	hiNP	NeuD2, MiR-9, 124, Ascl1, Myt1l	Lentivirus	5	[16]
Human	Fibroblast	adult (dermal)	hiNP	Sox2, Pax6	Nonviral plasmid or Recombinant protein	0.05	[17]
Mouse	Fibroblast	embryonic, postnatal (tail-tip)	iN	Ascl1, Brn2, Myt1l	Lentivirus	19.5	[18]
Mouse	Fibroblast	embryonic	iN	Brn2, Ascl1, Myt1l	pmax vector	7.6	[19]
Mouse	Fibroblast	embryonic	iN	Ascl1, Brn2, Myt1l	Lentivirus	11.6~16.1	[20]
Mouse	Fibroblast	embryonic, adult (tail-tip)	iMN	Ascl1, Brn2, Mytl1, Lhx3, Hb9, Isl1, Ngn2	Retrovirus	5~10	[22]
Mouse	Fibroblast	prenatal, adult (tail-tip)	iDA	Ascl1, Nurr1, Lmx1a	Lentivirus	18	[23]
Human	Fibroblast	fetal (limb), postnatal (skin)	hiN	Brn2, Ascl1, Myt1l, NeuroD1	Lentivirus	17~21	[24]
Human	Fibroblast	adult (dermal)	hiN	MiR-124, Myt1l, Brn2	Lentivirus	1.5~2.9	[25]
Human	Fibroblast	embryonic	iMN	Ascl1, Brn2, Mytl1, Lhx3, Hb9, Isl1, Ngn2, NeuroD1	Retrovirus	-	[22]
Human	Fibroblast	prenatal (lung), adult (skin)	hiDA	Ascl1, Nurr1, Lmx1a	Lentivirus	3~6	[23]
Human	Fibroblast	fetal (lung)	hiDA	Mash1, Ngn2, Sox2, Nurr1, Pitx3	Lentivirus	1~2	[26]

ISSN: 2055-7124