Table 2 Advantages and disadvantages of various 3D bioprinting methods for tissue engineering applications

SLA, DLP

• Manufactured simple and complex

• Expensive equipment and materials

PEG, PCL, PEG-co-PDP, PEGDA.

[45–48]

• Fast and good resolution

• Only photopolymers

• No need for support materials

• Cytotoxicity of uncured photoinitiator

FFF

• Easy to use

• Materials limited to thermoplastics

PCL/PLGA/β-TCP, PCL/PLGA

[50, 51]

• Good mechanical properties

• Filament required

• Solvent not required

• Cannot used with cells

SLS

• No need for support materials

• Rough surface

PCL/HA, PCL, HA/PEEK, Titanium.

[59–62]

• Various of biomaterials

• Expensive and cumberstone equipment

Inkjet

• Cells and hydrogel printed

• Limited biomaterials suite

Collagen/PDL, Fibrin, Gelatin.

[63–65, 68]

• Incorporation of drug and biomolecules

• Low resolution

• Low mechanical properties