Table 3 Classification of ORN by Epstein et al. [[7]
From: New approach for the treatment of osteoradionecrosis with pentoxifylline and tocopherol
| Stage | Description | Symtoms | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | Resolved, healed | None | Follow-up, prevention of recurrence |
| Ia | No pathologic fracture | ||
| Ib | Pathologic fracture | Reconstructed | |
| II | Chronic, persistent non-progressive | None, or controlled | Local wound care |
| Antiseptics/antibiotics, analgesics, hyperbaric oxygen (if indicated) | |||
| IIa | No pathologic fracture | ||
| IIb | Pathologic fracture | Jaw dysfunction | |
| III | Active, preogressive | Progressive | Local wound care |
| Antiseptics/antibiotics, analgesics, hyperbaric oxygen (if indicated) | |||
| IIIa | No pathologic fracture | ||
| IIIb | Pathologic fracture | Jaw dysfunction |