Fig. 8

Anti-inflammatory effects and modulation of osteoclast maturation of the composite cryogels. (a) The experimental scheme for assessing the effects of nanoparticles on anti-inflammation and modulation of osteoclast maturation using RAW264.7 cells. Analysis of the relative gene expression of (b) pro-inflammatory markers and (c) osteoclast markers via RT-PCR (*,**,***, significant differences comparing with LPS(-)Gel and GM-Gel groups, P < 0.05) (#, significant differences comparing with LPS(+)Gel and DM-Gel groups, P < 0.05) (n = 3). (d) F-actin-stained fluorescence images of RAW264.7 cells (scale bar = 25 μm); multinucleated cells are indicated with white arrows. (e) Quantification of the multinucleated cell ratio from F-actin-stained images (n = 5). (f) Analysis of TRAP activity (*, significant difference, P < 0.05) (n = 3)