Fig. 4

Anti-metastatic and synergistic anti-tumoral efficacy of Mϕ-SDNP and immune checkpoint inhibitor. (A) Schematic illustration of treatment schedules for verifying anti-metastasis ability. (B) Ex vivo lung image representing the anti-metastasis ability of Mϕ-SDNP. (C) Comparison of metastatic nodule number. ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 Statistical significance was calculated with Student’s t-test (n = 5). (D) Representative H&E staining image of lung metastasis. (E) Schematic illustration of treatment schedules for verifying the synergistic effect of combination treatment with anti-PD-1 antibody. F-G) Tumor growth profile until surgical resection of the tumor on day 21. H-I) Verification of T cell activation with flow cytometric analysis of IFN-γ⁺ CTL recruitment inside the tumor tissue. J) Representative immunofluorescence image for verifying the activation of granzyme B⁺ cytotoxic T cells