Fig. 1

Functions of HA-based hydrogels. A Catechol-modified HA/alginate double network hydrogels with high fracture toughness and elasticity for 3D coaxial printing [51]. Copyright 2020, Wiley–VCH GmbH. License Number: 5618121300533. B Gelatin GelMA/HA-dynamic hydrazone (HYD) hydrogel bioinks that produce mechanically strong printed structures [52]. Based on Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial International Public License (CC BY-NC). Copyright 2022, the Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. C Sodium-maleated HA (MHA)/sodium-HASA hydrogel precursors with fast gelation kinetics. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from [53] .Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society. D Magnetically responsive Nanoclay-Incorporated Double-Network (NIDN) hydrogels for 3D printing [54]. Copyright 2021, Wiley–VCH GmbH. License Number: 5618161075332. E Microfluidic preparation of injectable HAMA microspheres [55]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. License Number:5618161075332. F Thiol-functionalized hyaluronic acid dynamic hydrogel with Au ions for better printing accuracy and applicability [56]. Copyright 2022, Wiley–VCH GmbH. License Number: 5618170397422. G Adjustable crosslinked HA gel for 3D printing. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from [57]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society