Fig. 3

Light-responsive drug delivery systems for bone repair. A Schematic of light-responsive BMP-2@BC hydrogel regulating bone repair. B BMP-2@BC hydrogels molded into different shapes. Infrared thermal image of BMP-2@BC hydrogel in vitro C and in vivo D. E Micro-CT 3D reconstruction of the skull after 8 weeks of treatment. Reproduced with permission [45]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier. F Schematic illustration of Apt-bioinspired MVs promoting skull defect repair. G Infrared thermal images of osteoblasts and dendritic cells incubated with bioinspired MVs and Apt-bioinspired MVs before and after washing. (For detection of osteoblast targeting ability of Apt-bioinspired MVs.) H Micro-CT 3D reconstruction and H&E-staining images of skull defects in treated mice. Scale bars of H&E-staining images:100 μm (left) and 50 μm (right). Reproduced with permission [59]. Copyright 2019, Springer Nature