Fig. 10
Phototherapy techniques for OA treatment. A Live/dead assay images of BMSCs cultured in scaffolds with or without PDT on day 21. Scale bar: 20 μm. B Statistical analysis of live/dead assay of BMSCs (*, # indicate p < 0.05, ## indicates p < 0.01, ***, ### indicates p < 0.001). C Gross images and D Safranin-O/fast green staining images of cartilage defects after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Scale bar: 20 μm. Reproduced with permission [130]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. E OA pain-related signaling pathways. Reproduced with permission [132]. Copyright 2022, Springer Nature. F US-PA overlay images of intact knee and surgical DMM-induced posttraumatic OA mouse knee (1 month postoperative and 4 months postoperative) at different time points after intravenous injection of Anti-NGF-MoS2-AuNR. G Infrared thermography of OA mice (1 month postoperative) after intravenous injection of anti-NGF-MoS2-AuNR. H Paw withdrawal threshold and I motor coordination of mice 1 month postoperative. Reproduced with permission [133]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society