Fig. 1
From: Post-insertion technique to introduce targeting moieties in milk exosomes for targeted drug delivery
Validation of optimized surface modification of mExo. (A) Schematic illustration showing validation strategy using avidin–biotin interaction. (B) Native-PAGE gel image for confirming mExo-biotin/Stv-F496 complex. Each lane indicates following groups; lane 1: size marker; lane 2: free Stv-F496; lane 3: mExo-biotin/Stv-F496 complex with 20:1 mExo/bio weight ratio; lane 4: mExo-biotin/Stv-F496 complex with 10:1 mExo/bio weight ratio; lane 5: mExo only; and lane 6: mExo + Stv-F496 (no biotin insertion). The box with a yellow dashed line shows the complexes of mExo-biotin/Stv-F496, and the green dashed line indicates unbound free Stv-F496. (C) Schematic illustration of click chemistry-based validation strategy. (D) Confocal fluorescence images of visualizing colocalization of F496-labeled mExo (green) and azide-F675 (red). Scale bar: 50 μm. (E) Analysis of the correlation of colocalized fluorescence signals between the A-B line in the red box in Fig. 1D. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated using GraphPad Prism 8.0. (F) Schematic illustration indicating validation measuring the absorbance of FA. (G) UV-vis spectra of FA-modified mExo. The absorbance peaks at approximately 680 and 290 nm indicate mExo (F675) and PE-FA, respectively