Fig. 5

2D Ti₃C₂ MXene modified BC scaffold (TBGS) for the PTT of bone tumors and repair of bone defects. A Schematic illustration of the synthesis process of TBGS, ablation of bone tumor, and reconstruction of bone tissue. B CLSM images of hBMSCs stained with DAPI (cell nuclei, blue fluorescence) and rhodamine phalloidin (cytoskeleton, red fluorescence) on BGSs/TBGSs on days 1 and 7. Scale bar: 100 µm. C H&E staining and Goldner staining of rat crania implanted with BGS and TBGS at week 24. Scale bar: 2 mm and 500 µm. D Goldner staining of TBGS group at different periods, namely weeks 8, 16, and 24. The defect areas were implanted with BGS and TBGS. Black asterisks mark implanted scaffolds that were not biodegraded completely. Yellow triangles indicate osteogenesis. Abbreviation: Bioactive glass scaffolds (BGS), Ti₃C₂-BG scaffold (TBGS), Nanosheets (NSs). Scale bar: 200 µm.  Reproduced with permission from Ref. [123]