Fig. 9
From: Exosome-bearing hydrogels and cardiac tissue regeneration
Monitoring regenerative potential of melanin nanoparticle-loaded alginate hydrogel (MNPs/Alg hydrogel) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and immune response in a rat model of MI. A time-dependent healing process occurred within the ischemic area after MNPs/Alg hydrogel transplantation (a). Detection of apoptotic cells in the infarcted zone using TUNEL assay 1-day post-hydrogel administration (b). Immunofluorescence images related to O2•– levels using DHE staining 1 day after hydrogel injection (c). Detection of O2•– levels using ROS detection kit (DHE) on days 1 and 3 (d). The levels of CD86 and CD206 positive macrophages within the infarct zone were visualized using immunofluorescence images (e). Expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α and iNOS), and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β and Arg1) cytokines 1 day after injection (f). CD86 and CD206 positive macrophages after 3 days (g). Expression of pro-inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory cytokines on day 3 (n = 3). Scale bar: 50 μm; Student’s t-test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; and nsp > 0.05 [153]. Copyright 2021. Advanced Science. 2021