Table 3 Summary of spleen-targeted LNP-based mRNA delivery strategies

 LNP

DODAP: DOPE: Chol: DMG-PEG

28.5: 60: 10: 1.5

i.v.

60% DOPE

125 ± 22

-10 ± 8.6

/

APCs in the spleen

[187]

 LNP

10A1P16: MDOA: Chol: DMG-PEG₂₀₀₀

25: 30: 30: 1

i.v.

Iphos chain lengths

zwitterionic helper lipids

150

-6

6

Macrophages (30%)

B cells (6%)

[155]

 LNP

C12-200: DSPC: Chol: C14-PEG₁₀₀₀

40: 10: 18.5: 1.5

i.v.

DSPC

167.2

/

/

/

[118]

 LNP

5A2-SC8: DOPE: Chol: DMG-PEG: 18PA

16.7: 16.7: 33.3: 3.3: 30

i.v.

18PA

pKa

β2-GPI

142.1

-2.11

3.97

B cells (12%)

T cells (10%)

Macrophages (20%)

[106]

 LNP

4A3-SC8: DOPE: Chol: DMG-PEG: BMP

15: 15: 30: 30: 3: 20

i.v.

Negatively charged lipids, BMP

~120

Neutral charge

/

[186]

 LNP

SS-EC: DOPE: Chol: DSG-PEG₂₀₀₀

59.5: 12.24: 26.54: 1.72

i.v.

DSG-PEG₂₀₀₀

Size

Enrichment of immunoglobulins

83

3

/

APCs in the spleen

[188]

 LNP

306O₁₀: PS: Chol: C14-PEG₂₀₀₀

35: 40: 22.58: 2.5

i.v.

40% PS

~110

~-6

5.5

Cells in WP (mostly B cells)

[141]

 LNP

OF-Deg-Lin: DOPE: Chol: C14-PEG₂₀₀₀

35: 16: 46.5: 2.5

i.v.

Ester bonds

75 ± 10

/

5.7

B cells in the spleen

[189]

 PLN

Gardiquimod-loaded PLGA-core/lipid-shell hybrid NP

i.v.

Gardiquimod

~400

~20

/

DCs in the spleen

[190]

 LNP

MC3: DSPC: DSPE-PEG₂₀₀₀: DSPE-PEG₅₀₀₀-Mal: Chol

50: 10: 1.5: 0.5: 38

Conjugated with anti-CD3 antibody

i.v.

Active targeting (anti-CD3 antibody)

168.5

-6.2 ± 5

/

Splenic CD3e⁺ T cells

[191]

 LNP

ALC-0307: PC: Chol: PEG

50: 10: 38.5: 1.5

Conjugated with anti-CD4 antibody

i.v.

Active targeting (Anti-CD4 antibody)

88.37 ± 4.2

/

/

T cells in the spleen

[192]