Fig. 13
From: mRNA nanodelivery systems: targeting strategies and administration routes
Mechanisms of immunity induced by mRNA NPs. Target cells endocytosis of mRNA NPs (①). Endosomal escape of mRNA into the cytoplasm (②). mRNA is translated into desired antigenic proteins by targeted cell ribosomes (③). Endogenous antigenic protein is degraded into polypeptides by a proteasome (④-⑤). Antigen peptides are presented to T cells in the form of antigen peptide-MHCImolecular complex and activate cellular immunity mediated by cytotoxic T cells (⑥). Besides, exogenous antigenic protein released earlier can be taken up by targeted cells and degraded (⑦-⑧). Exogenous antigenic protein can be presented by MHCIImolecular complex and activate helper T cells which stimulate B cell maturation to activate humoral immunity (⑨)