Fig. 3
GelMA/β-TCP-based hydrogel scaffold decorated with personalized MXene (Ti3C2) with excellent photothermal antimicrobial and osteogenic capabilities for the therapy of infected bone defects. a Schematic illustration of the fabrication, in vitro biological effects and in vivo bone repair efficacy of the GelMA/β-TCP/Sr2+/MXene (GTAM) hydrogel scaffold. b Surface characterization of different 3D-printed hydrogel scaffolds. c Determination of the NIR-responsive photothermal properties of different 3D-printed scaffolds. d Representative images of S. aureus and E. coli clones cocultured with 3D-printed scaffolds with or without NIR irradiation for 24 h. e Determination of the in vivo photothermal effect and bone regenerative actions of the hydrogel scaffolds via radiographic and histological analysis. Images reproduced from [21], © 2022 The Royal Society of Chemistry