Fig. 11

A novel injectable self-healing hydrogel combining synergistic osteogenic and angiogenic effects of KP and QK peptides with GelMA to realize good defect fitting and bone regeneration. a Schematic illustration of the synthesis and experimental procedures of the KP/QK/GMO hydrogel scaffold. b Optical images of the GMO hydrogel and the self-healing process of the SN-GMO hydrogel. c In vitro osteogenic ability of BMSCs cultured on different GMO hydrogels confirmed by ALP staining after 7 days of induction. d Tube formation of HUVECs cultured on different GMO hydrogels. e In vivo bone regeneration of rat skull defects treated with the KP/QK/GMO hydrogel scaffold. Images reproduced from [44], © 2022 Elsevier Ltd