Current aspects of small extracellular vesicles in pain process and relief

Biomaterials Research

Table 2 sEVs in pain mechanisms

Published year	Condition	sEV type	Mechanisms	Effects	Ref.
2022	Carrageenan-induced pain	CD200R⁺ macrophage-derived sEVs	CD200R⁺ sEVs transferred mitochondria to neurons in DRG	Resolved transient inflammatory pain	[21]
2021	CIBP	Cancer cell-derivd sEVs	Increased let-7d-5p in sEVs inhibited OPRM1 in DRG	Induced bone pain	[111]
2017, 2021	DRG neuron culture	NDEVs	TRPV1 activation promoted the release of miR-21-5p and miR-23a in NDEVs	Activated M1 macrophages	[53, 54]
2020	SNI	Serum-derived sEVs	Increased serum sEVs contained C5a and ICAM-1	/	[101]
2020	Metastatic cancer pain	Cancer cell-derivd sEVs	Increased gene expressions in sEVs	Induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia	[106]
2017	Lumbar disc herniation	NPs	Increased miR-223 in NPEVs at the acute phase	Attenuated the neuronal activity in the pain pathways	[114]
2017	CFA	Endosomes	Activated NK1R and CLR on endosomes	Promoted pain transmission	[121, 122]
2016	SNL	MDEVs	Increased MDEV-IL-1β in CSF and spinal cord	Reduced PWT and PWL	[59]

NDEV Neuron-derived extracellular vesicle, SNI Spared nerve injury, SNL Spinal nerve ligation, MDEV Microglial-derived extracellular vesicles, DRG Dorsal root ganglion, PWT Paw withdrawal threshold, PWL Paw withdrawal latency, CIBP Cancer-induced bone pain, NP Nucleus pulposus, CFA Complete Freund’s adjuvant, TRPV-1 Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, CLR Calcitonin receptor-like receptorsm NK1R Neurokinin 1 receptor, OPRM1 µ1 opioid receptor, DRG Dorsal root ganglion

ISSN: 2055-7124