Fig. 7
From: 3D biofabrication of diseased human skin models in vitro
Pathology of AD. Filaggrin is located in the stratum granulosum of the epidermal layers. Profilaggrin is dephosphorylated and degrades into filaggrin monomers under the keratinocyte differentiation. Keratin filaments aggregate the cleaved filaggrin molecules, forming a dense matrix. The monomers are then degraded into natural moisturizing factors in the middle of the stratum corneum, which is regulated by proteases such as caspase 14, calpain, and bleomycin hydrolase