Fig. 3

In vitro biological behavior and functions of SOR@TF-Fe³⁺ NVs. A SOR@TF-Fe³⁺ NVs were co-incubated with OFP-TFRC-expressing HEK-293T cells for 1 h or 3 h at 37 °C. The confocal image showed the co-localization of TF-engineered NVs labeled with green fluorescence and TFRC film expressing red fluorescence. Scale bar: 5 μm. B Flow cytometry was used to analyze the binding rates of TF-Fe³⁺ NVs (50 μg NVs/mL) between TFRC-knockdown, -overexpression and wild-type HepG2 cells at 0, 6, 12 and 24 h. C The distribution of TF NVs and 293 T NVs labeled by Cyanine 5.5 NHS ester in mice was detected by in vivo imager. D HepG2 cells in each experimental group were treated for 24 h, and the content of iron divalent ion in cells was detected by iron ion detection kit. E–F HCC cells were stained with Calcein-AM (final concentration:50 nΜ) and the cellular LIP level was analyzed by flow cytometry (E) and confocal images (F). Data are expressed as mean ± standard error (SEM), n = 3, ns: no significant, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001, one-way analysis of variance, ANOVA