| Cells | Function | Ref |
---|---|---|---|
Epidermis | Keratinocytes Melanocytes Langerhans cells Merkel cells | Preservation of immune barrier Skin pigmentation Adaptive immune responses Mechanoreceptors | [55] [56] [57] [58] |
Dermis | Fibroblasts Mast cells | Synthesizing and depositing ECM component Immune and inflammatory responses | [59] [59] |
Hypodermis | Adipocytes | Energy storage, endocrine, nervous, and immune function | [60] |